Ungquzulwano lwe-geopolitical kwiminyaka yakutshanje lutshabalalise ishishini lentsimbi laseUkraine.Ubalo lweWorld Steel Association lubonisa ukuba kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union, imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada yaseUkraine yayingaphezu kweetoni ezingama-50 ezigidi ngonyaka;ngo-2021, imveliso yayo yentsimbi ekrwada yancipha yaya kutsho kwi-21.4 yezigidi zeetoni.Ukuchatshazelwa yingxabano ye-geopolitical, ezinye zeentsimbi zensimbi zase-Ukraine zitshatyalalisiwe, kwaye imveliso yayo yentsimbi ekrwada ngo-2022 nayo yawela kwi-6.3 yezigidi zeetoni, ukuhla ukuya kwi-71%.Ngokwezibalo ze-Ukrainian Steel Trade Association (Ukrmetalurgprom), ngaphambi kukaFebruwari 2022, i-Ukraine ineentsimbi ezingaphezu kwe-10 ezinkulu kunye neziphakathi, kunye nomthamo wemveliso yentsimbi ekrwada ye-25.3 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye emva kokuqhambuka kongquzulwano lwelizwe. zizixhobo zokusila zentsimbi ezintandathu kuphela ezishiyekileyo ezinomthamo opheleleyo wemveliso yentsimbi ekrwada malunga ne-17 lezigidi zeetoni.Nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kuhlelo lwamva nje lwe-World Steel Association lwexesha elifutshane lengxelo yokuqikelela imfuno ekhutshwe ngo-Okthobha kulo nyaka, uphuhliso lweshishini lensimbi laseUkraine ngokuthe ngcembe liphucula kwaye lizinzile.Oku kunokunika amandla ekuvuseleleni ishishini lentsimbi lelizwe.
Inkqubo yokuvuselela inceda imfuno yentsimbi iphucule.
Imfuno yensimbi e-Ukraine iphuculwe, ixhamla kwinkqubo yokwakhiwa kwakhona kwelizwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto.Idatha evela kwi-Ukrainian Iron and Steel Trade Association ibonise ukuba imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada yaseUkraine kwiinyanga ezili-10 zokuqala zika-2023 yayiziitoni zezigidi ezi-5.16, phantsi kwe-11.7% ngonyaka;imveliso yentsimbi yehagu yayiyi-4.91 yezigidi zeetoni, phantsi kwe-15.6% ngonyaka-ngonyaka;kunye nemveliso yentsimbi yayiziitoni ze-4.37 yezigidi, phantsi kwe-13% ngonyaka.Kwangexesha elide, malunga ne-80% yeemveliso zetsimbi zaseUkraine zithunyelwe ngaphandle.Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ngenxa yokuphinda-phindwe kabini kwamaxabiso kaloliwe wempahla kunye nokuvalwa kwamazibuko kummandla woLwandle oluMnyama, iinkampani zentsimbi zeli lizwe ziphulukene nemijelo yokuthumela ngaphandle efanelekileyo nengabizi kakhulu.
Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kweziseko zombane, iinkampani ezininzi zentsimbi zeli lizwe zanyanzeleka ukuba zivale.Nangona kunjalo, ngenkqubo yamandla yase-Ukraine ibuyele ekusebenzeni, uninzi lwabavelisi bamandla belizwe ngoku bayakwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yombane wemizi-mveliso, kodwa kusekho imfuneko yokuphucula okuqhubekayo kwiimeko zokubonelela ngamandla.Ukongeza, imveliso yentsimbi yelizwe ifuna ngokungxamisekileyo ukuhlengahlengisa kwakhona isixokelelwano salo sonikezelo kunye nokwazisa iindlela ezintsha zolungiselelo.Okwangoku, amanye amashishini elizwe sele eseke kwakhona iindlela zothunyelo kumazwe angaphandle ngokusebenzisa amazibuko aseYurophu kunye nezibuko lase-Izmir kumazantsi eDanube kumazantsi eUkraine, eqinisekisa umthamo osisiseko.
Imarike ephambili yentsimbi yase-Ukraine kunye neemveliso ze-metallurgical isoloko iyindawo ye-European Union, kwaye izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zibandakanya i-iron ore, iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, njalo njalo.Ngoko ke, uphuhliso loshishino lwentsimbi yaseUkraine luxhomekeke kumlinganiselo omkhulu kwimeko yezoqoqosho kummandla we-EU.Ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-2023, iinkampani ezilithoba ezinkulu zensimbi zaseYurophu ziye zazisa ukuqaliswa kwakhona okanye ukubuyisela amandla abo okuvelisa, njengoko izitokhwe zabanye abasabalalisi baseYurophu zachithwa ngoDisemba 2022.Kanye kunye nokubuyiswa kwemveliso yensimbi, amaxabiso emveliso yensimbi abone ukunyuka kwemfuno yentsimbi yentsimbi evela kwiinkampani zensimbi zaseYurophu.Ngenxa yokuvalwa kwamazibuko oLwandle oluMnyama, imakethi ye-EU ikwahlala iphambili kwiinkampani zentsimbi yaseUkraine.Ngokutsho kwe-Ukraine Steel Trade Association forecast, kwi-2023, ukuthengiswa kwelizwe kwiimveliso zetsimbi kuya kufikelela kwi-53%, ukuqalisa kwakhona ukuthunyelwa kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke ngakumbi;imveliso yentsimbi iyonke nayo iya kunyuka iye kwi-6.5 yezigidi zeetoni, izibuko emva kokuvulwa kwamathuba okuphinda-phindana.
Ezinye iinkampani sele ziqalisile ukwenza izicwangciso zokuqalisa kwakhona imveliso.
Nangona kunzima ukuba imveliso yentsimbi yaseUkraine ibuyele ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba ngaphambi kokuba kuqhambuke ungquzulwano, ezinye iinkampani zelizwe ziye zaqalisa ukwenza izicwangciso zokuqalisa kwakhona imveliso.
Idatha evela kwi-Ukrainian Steel Trade Association ibonisa ukuba kwi-2022, umyinge wonyaka wokusetyenziswa kwamandla oshishino lwensimbi yase-Ukraine iya kuba yi-30 kuphela.Ishishini lentsimbi yelizwe libonisa iimpawu zokuqala zokuphucuka ngo-2023 njengoko umbane uzinza.NgoFebruwari 2023, i-crude steel output yeenkampani zetsimbi zase-Ukraine zanda nge-49.3% ngenyanga-ngenyanga, ukufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-424,000;imveliso yensimbi inyuke nge-30% ngenyanga-ngenyanga, ifikelele kwiitoni ezingama-334,000.
Iinkampani zemigodi zeli lizwe zizimisele ukubuyisela izixhobo zemveliso.Okwangoku, iinkampani ezine zemigodi kunye nokulungiswa phantsi kweQela le-Metinvest zisavelisa ngokwesiqhelo, ngesantya sokusetyenziswa kwe-25% ukuya kwi-40%.Iqela liceba ukubuyisela amandla okusebenza kwemigodi kwi-30% yamanqanaba angaphambi kongquzulwano ngelixa ligxile kwimveliso ye-pellet.Ngo-Matshi 2023, umgca wesibini wokuvelisa i-pellet ye-Ferrexpo, eqhuba ishishini le-iron ore e-Ukraine, yafakwa ekusebenzeni.Okwangoku, inkampani ine-4 iyonke imigca yokuvelisa i-pellet kwimveliso, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla lifikelele kwi-50%.
Iinkampani kwiindawo ezinkulu zemveliso yentsimbi zisajongene nemingcipheko emininzi
Ngokubhekiselele kwimeko yangoku, kwiindawo eziphambili zokuvelisa isinyithi zaseUkraine ezifana neZaporozh, Krivoy Rog, Nikopol, Dnipro, neKamiansk, kusekho iinkampani zetsimbi ezijongene nezixhobo zokuvelisa kunye neziseko zamandla.Imingcipheko efana nokutshatyalaliswa kunye nokuphazamiseka kolungiselelo.
Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kweshishini kutsala utyalo-mali oluninzi lwaphesheya
Nangona ingxabano yaseRussia-Ukraine ibangele ilahleko enkulu kwishishini lentsimbi yaseUkraine, iinkampani zentsimbi zaseUkraine zisaqinisekile ngekamva.Abatyali-zimali bobuchule bamazwe angaphandle nabo banethemba malunga nokubanakho kweshishini lentsimbi laseUkraine.Ezinye iingcali ziqikelela ukuba ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kweshishini lentsimbi laseUkraine kuya kutsala amashumi eebhiliyoni zeedola kutyalo-mali.
NgoMeyi ka-2023, kwiForam yoShishino loKwakha eyayibanjelwe eKiev, i-SMC, i-subsidiary ye-Metinvest Group, iphakamise ngokusemthethweni iphulo lokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwelizwe elibizwa ngokuba yi "Steel Dream".Inkampani iceba ukuyila iintlobo ze-13 zezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi, kubandakanywa izakhiwo zokuhlala (iindawo zokulala kunye neehotele), izindlu zezibonelelo zentlalo (izikolo, iinkulisa, iikliniki), kunye neendawo zokupaka, izibonelelo zemidlalo kunye neendawo zokuhlala eziphantsi komhlaba.I-SMC iqikelela ukuba i-Ukraine iya kufuna malunga ne-3.5 yezigidi zeetoni zentsimbi yokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwezindlu zasekhaya kunye neziseko zophuhliso, eziza kuthatha iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-10.Kwezi nyanga zintandathu zidlulileyo, malunga namahlakani angama-50 kweli lizwe ajoyine iphulo le-Steel Dream, kubandakanywa amashishini entsimbi, abavelisi befenitshala kunye nabavelisi bezinto zokwakha.
NgoMatshi ka-2023, iPosco Holdings Group yaseMzantsi Korea yaseka ngokukodwa iqela elisebenzayo elithi "Ukraine Recovery", ligxininise kwiiprojekthi ezinxulumeneyo kwiinkalo ezinkulu ezintlanu kuquka intsimbi yaseUkraine, ingqolowa, izixhobo zebhetri yesibini, amandla kunye neziseko.IPosco Holdings iceba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi zokwenza intsimbi zasekhaya ezilungele ukusingqongileyo.UMzantsi Korea kunye ne-Ukraine ziya kuphonononga ngokudibeneyo iindlela zokwakha zeemodyuli zezakhiwo zentsimbi, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokwakha lomsebenzi wokwakha kwakhona.Njengendlela yokwakha ehlaziyiweyo, ukwakhiwa kweemodyuli kuqala kuqala i-70% ukuya kwi-80% yamacandelo entsimbi kumzi-mveliso kwaye emva koko ithuthelwe kwindawo yokudibanisa.Oku kunokunciphisa ixesha lokwakha nge-60%, kwaye amacandelo ensimbi angaphinda ahlaziywe ngokufanelekileyo.
NgoJuni 2023, kwiNkomfa yoBuyiselo ye-Ukraine eyayibanjelwe eLondon, eNgilani, iQela le-Metinvest kunye ne-Primetals Technologies yajoyina ngokusemthethweni i-"Green Recovery ye-Ukrainian Steel Industry" iqonga.Iqonga linyathelo elisemthethweni likarhulumente wase-Ukraine kwaye lijolise ekuxhaseni ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kweshishini lentsimbi yelizwe kwaye ekugqibeleni livuselele ishishini lase-Ukraine ngokuguqulwa kohlaza kushishino lwentsimbi.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba kuya kuxabisa i-Ukraine yeebhiliyoni ezingama-20 zeedola ukuya kwi-40 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuseka ikhonkco lexabiso lentsimbi eluhlaza.Emva kokuba ikhonkco lexabiso ligqityiwe, i-Ukraine kulindeleke ukuba ivelise iitoni ezizigidi ezili-15 ze "intsimbi eluhlaza" ngonyaka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-20-2023